What Does a Decaying Tooth Look Like?

Funny Woman Holding Oversized Tooth In Dentist Concept Image

Tooth decay is a common dental issue that can affect anyone, regardless of age. Recognising the signs of tooth decay early is crucial for preserving your oral health and avoiding more invasive treatments down the line. At Knight Street Dentist, we are committed to helping our patients maintain healthy, beautiful smiles by providing expert care and guidance. 

Understanding Signs of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, occurs when the hard outer layer of the tooth, called enamel, is damaged by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. This process begins with plaque, a sticky film that forms on teeth after eating or drinking, particularly sugary or starchy foods. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar, creating an environment where bacteria thrive.

Tooth decay progresses through several stages:

1. Early Stage (Demineralisation)

In the first stage, acids from plaque begin to weaken the enamel, which is the hard outer layer of your teeth. This causes white spots to appear, showing areas where the enamel is losing minerals. At this point, the damage can often be reversed with improved brushing, flossing, and fluoride treatments.

2. Cavitation

As decay progresses, the enamel breaks down completely, creating small holes or cavities on the tooth surface. These cavities are permanent and require a dentist to fill them. Regular dental visits are essential for identifying and addressing cavities early, preventing them from becoming more serious.

3. Dentin Involvement

When decay reaches the dentin, the softer layer beneath the enamel, the tooth becomes more sensitive, especially to hot, cold, or sweet foods. The tooth may also start to look discoloured, with yellow, brown, or black spots appearing. Since dentin is softer than enamel, decay spreads more easily within this layer, making timely dental care important.

4. Pulp Infection

If the decay reaches the pulp, which is the innermost part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels, it can cause severe pain. Other signs include swelling in the gums, an abscess (a pocket of infection), and darkening of the tooth. At this stage, the tooth may need a root canal or, in some cases, removal to resolve the infection.

​​Causes of Tooth Decay

Understanding the causes of tooth decay is essential to preventing it. While tooth decay can affect anyone, certain factors increase the risk of developing cavities. 

Poor Oral Hygiene

Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up on teeth, creating the ideal environment for bacteria to thrive.

Frequent Sugar and Starch Consumption

Eating sugary or starchy foods and drinks frequently feeds the bacteria in plaque, producing acids that erode tooth enamel.

Dry Mouth

Saliva helps neutralise acids and wash away food particles, so a lack of saliva, dry mouth (caused by certain medications or conditions) can increase the risk of decay. 

Irregular Dental Check-Ups

Skipping routine dental visits means small cavities or early signs of decay may go unnoticed and untreated, leading to more significant issues.

Tooth Position and Structure

Crooked or crowded teeth, as well as deep grooves in molars, can make cleaning difficult, allowing plaque to accumulate in hard-to-reach areas.

By addressing these causes, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing tooth decay. 

Treatment Options for Tooth Decay

Treating tooth decay depends on its severity and how far it has progressed. Dental professionals offer various solutions to address decay, restore functionality, and prevent further damage. Below are the common treatment options:

Fluoride Treatments

For early-stage decay, fluoride treatments can help remineralise the enamel and reverse minor damage. These treatments are applied directly to the teeth in the form of a gel, foam, or varnish during a dental visit. Regular fluoride use can strengthen teeth and prevent further decay.

Dental Fillings

When a cavity forms, a dental filling is the most common solution. The dentist removes the decayed portion of the tooth and fills it with a material such as composite resin, amalgam, or porcelain. This procedure restores the tooth’s structure and prevents further decay.

Crowns

For more advanced decay that compromises a significant portion of the tooth, a crown may be necessary. A crown is a custom-made cap that covers the damaged tooth, restoring its strength, function, and appearance. Crowns are typically made from porcelain, ceramic, or metal.

Root Canal Therapy

If the decay reaches the pulp, causing pain or infection, a root canal is often required. During this procedure, the dentist removes the infected pulp, cleans the inside of the tooth, and seals it to prevent reinfection. A crown is usually placed afterwards for added protection.

Tooth Extraction

In severe cases where the tooth is too damaged to save, extraction may be the only option. Once the tooth is removed, options like dental implants, bridges, or dentures can replace the missing tooth to restore functionality and aesthetics.

Preventative Advice and Follow-Up Care

After treatment, your dentist will provide guidance on maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent future decay. This includes brushing, flossing, and regular check-ups to monitor your dental health and address any concerns early.

Preventing Tooth Decay

Preventing tooth decay is simple with good oral hygiene and healthy habits. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and use a soft-bristled toothbrush, replacing it every three months. Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from areas your toothbrush can’t reach.

Limit sugary and acidic foods, and choose tooth-friendly options like vegetables, nuts, or cheese. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water, preferably fluoridated, to protect your enamel.

Why Choose Knight Street Dentists?

Knight Street Dentist offers expert care for all stages of tooth decay, using advanced technology and a gentle approach. Our personalised treatments and patient-focused care ensure a comfortable experience and lasting results. Let us help you achieve a healthier, brighter smile. Book your appointment today!

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